Research paper on “Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)”

Research paper on â€Å"Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)† Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) This research proposaldiscussesmy area of interest, which is Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and how it is poised to become the next ‘gold standard’ in breast screening, by dethroning mammography, which currently occupies such an eminent status. At the same time the proposal also tries highlighting the importance of NOT using Breast MRI as a screening tool for women already having a history of breast cancer. In a layman’s language, â€Å"cancer is a group of diseases that develop on account of an uncontrolled growth of the body cells that spread into the body’s tissues. Breast cancer can start in the breast tissue, breast milk ducts or breast lobules(milk sacks), and can be both non-invasive, if the cancer cells stay in the ducts and lobules of the breast, andinvasive, if they spread into the surrounding tissue† (Australian Government, 2009).Some startling statistics shed light on the gravity of the ailment. â€Å"Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer diagnosed in females in Australia with 12,567 cases diagnosed in 2007 itself and is also the leading cause of cancer-related deaths amongst females. Currently, everyday 36 women are diagnosed with breast cancer, and one in every nine women will be diagnosed with it by the age of 85 years. Further, â€Å"the number of women diagnosed with breast cancer in Australia increased from 5,289 in 1982 to 12,614 in 2006, and this number is reportedly expected to register a 22% increase by 2015 with an estimated 15,409 women anticipated to be diagnosed with it† (Australian Government, 2011).Despite the seriousness surrounding the situation, â€Å"early detection of the ailment can increase the likelihood of effective treatment and cure, though in reality the incidences of such timely detection are very small† (Australian Government, 2009). Some of the early screening and detection methods to reduce mortality rates include, â€Å"breast awareness by the woman herself with respect to changes in their look and feel, clinical breast examination of an asymptomatic woman (woman without breast changes) by a medical professional, screening mammography and breast MRI to detect the cancer at an early stage† (Australian Government, 2009). However, out of these screening mammography and breast MRI are the two most widely used methods, since â€Å"meta-analyses and controlled trials con ducted in Russia and China have shown no difference in the size or stage of breast cancers at diagnosis or in the number of deaths from breast cancers of women taught to use a systematic approach to breast self-examination by publicly organized health campaigns as compared to those who did not receive such training. Further, the applicability of these trials in Australia is questionable because of a low probability of finding a suitable control group that is not aware of breast self-examination, because more than 50% of breast cancers amongst Australian women are diagnosed after a breast change investigated by themselves or their doctors. Thus, though, it is evident that women can find breast changes due to early breast cancer, there is no evidence to conclude about the efficacy of one self-examination technique over another† (Australian Government, 2009). The title of my proposed research study would be, Breast MRI would become the next gold standard in breast screening and dethrone Mammography from this currently enjoyed eminent position. The main purpose and aim of this research study is to prove the superiority of Breast MRI as a screening and detection tool over Mammography and project it as the next wave in the world of oncology diagnosis and treatment by comparing the relative strengths and weaknesses of both the tools in the light of empirical medical research literature. Contemporary medical profession is debating the efficacy of both mammography breast MRI in reducing the mortality rates of breast cancer patients and trying to prove the potential of one over the other. â€Å"Population-based mammographic screening is the best early detection method available for reducing breast cancer deaths, as evident from its strongest benefits found amongst women aged 50-69 years, since at this age the breasts usually decrease in densit y, especially after menopause, thereby, increasing the effectiveness of mammograms, which is not possible in case of younger women due to high density of their breast tissue† (Australian Government, 2009).†Mammography makes use of ionizing radiation to image breast tissue. The examination is performed by compressing the breast firmly between a plastic plate and an x-ray cassette that contains a special x-ray film. The Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) enacted by the Congress in 1982, mandates all facilities performing mammography to be U.S. FDA certified. Advocates of mammography confidently opine about its ability to detect the smallest of the breast cancers not palpated on physical examination and can even find ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a non-invasive condition, as cited by numerous uncontrolled trials that have documented its potential to diagnose small, early-stage breast cancers, including those having a

A Professional Registered Massage Therapist - 992 Words

As an old, famous traditional Chinese saying puts it, 30% of an individual’s overall wellness comes from disease treatment, while the remaining 70% is a result of a healthy life style. Disease prevention depends on our social lifestyle, nutrition, exercise and ability to de-stress. As a professional Registered Massage therapist, I can help increase my clients’ awareness of their own responsibility for health lifestyle and of the importance of regular exercises, de-stress, and prevention of disease and dysfunction. By doing so, we not only help our clients and serve our society, but also reduce the burden to the health care system. To have a healthy lifestyle, you must have a good eating habit in your daily life such as taking a†¦show more content†¦This is a very potent cancer treatment, but it should not be used as the only cancer treatment. The idea is to change your body PH from acid to alkaline. When your PH is alkaline, the cancer cell cannot survive. How do you switch you PH to alkaline? You had to change your diet. The raw vegetables juice is the best example because of its alkaline. Examples of alkaline vegetables include beet, broccoli, celery, cucumber, lettuce, and peas. Examples of alkalizing fruit include apples, bananas, berries, lemons, watermelon, and oranges. Examples of Alkalizing protein include almonds, chestnuts, and Tofu. However, you should avoid sugar, chocolate, coffer, and all kind of red meat that are high acid food. The second one is the anti-arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis diet. You follow the same or similar diets as those for cancer. And also all nightshades family foods should be avoided. These include eggplants, potatoes, peppers, goji berries, and tobacco. Doing exercise regularly is another way to lead to a healthy lifestyle. When doing an exercise, your body will be refreshing. After exercising for 20 minutes, the body will produce hormone, like endorphin. Endorphin makes people exhilarated, happy and blocks any feelings of pain. The best example of exercise that you can do is swimming. In order to get a healthy lifestyle, you need to swim at least half an hour to one hour, three times a week. Swimming is a great exercise because you need move your whole body muscle

Personal Identity Essay Example For Students

Personal Identity Essay Personal Identity Essay can be broken down into three areas: 1.) Body 2.) Memory and 3.) Soul. In John Perrys A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality these composing aspects of personal identity are discussed at length. In the reading and class discussions the body was defined clearly as a part of ones person, even alluded to at times as a prison in which one cannot escape until one dies. Memory and ones Soul seemed to be lumped together many times, understandably so, for the two bare many things in common such as they are intangible, cannot be completely defined as to what each exactly is (people remember things that did not actually happen to them, are those still memories?; do you have one soul throughout your life?), and both are thought to compose ones character and beliefs. This essay will deal with the two aspects of ones personal identity which are the most obvious in day to day life, that of the body and of soul/memory. As stated beforehand, memory and the soul bare many of the same qualities. The body and soul, however, also share this trait. Perry illustrates in his essay that the body and soul are similar because there is a link between one another, that is they both make up a person and are responsible for the qualities associated with being an individual (height, weight, character, belief, etc. Also a problem arrives in alterations to a body. If John goes to war, becomes injured by a mine, and then has his legs amputated is he not still the same person, John? Therefore, the preceding definition of body theory is not sufficient, since it does not account alterations to the same body. Yet another problem is numerical. If someone were to get a finger chopped off, would that finger be considered another person? What if a scientist was to use someones DNA and replicate another person with the same body? Surely just because there are two identical bodies, these bodies cannot be the same person. They would live two different lives. Therefore, the body theory alone cannot be considered a necessary and sufficient definition when defining personal identity. Another common theory of personal identity is the soul theory. This theory is: a person is has personal identity if and only if they have the same soul. The problem with this theory is arrived from the definition of a soul. Soul is a very difficult term. It is thought by many to be a spirit that passes from your body into another realm (i.e. , heaven, hell, etc.). However, since no one has ever seen, felt, touched, smelled, or tasted a soul, it is a mysterious phenomenon. Since we have no clear and distinct idea of a soul , it would not be wise to base the definition upon it. For instance, some religions believe in reincarnation after death. This is when a soul enters another body. With this in mind, someones soul such as Elvis could become reincarnated in someone else named John. However, we would not say that this Elvis and John are the same person . Therefore, the definition of the soul theory fails in that the definiens does not become sufficient for defining personal identity. The most recognized true philosophical theory of personal identity is the consciousness theory. The consciousness theory is believed by most to be the best definition of personal identity according to most philosophers. However, there are three different versions of the consciousness theory that will be discussed in further detail: the conscious self, experiential content, and connected stream of consciousness theories. First, we have the theory of a conscious self: a person has a personal identity if he or she has the same conscious self. In other words, if two people have a different conscious, then they each have personal identity. At a first glance, this would be a good definition of a personal identity. It is analogous to Descartes cogito, I think therefore I am. Being conscious would mean knowing that one exists, and able to think about any experience that happens. However the main fault with this is that it is a circular definition. Kabuki architecture Essay We are using the definiens in the definiendum which is not a good tactic of defining personal identity. Next, a common derivative of the consciousness theory is the consciousness of experiences theory. This is defined as having the same experiential content. This theory is based upon Lockes theory of the mind being blank, and building from .